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HTTP数据通道

HTTP是目前互联网上使用最广泛的一种数据交换协议,随着互联网的发展,协议也进行了几次重大的版本升级,从最原始的HTTP/1到HTTP/2,再到现在的基于QUIC协议的HTTP/3。

原始HTTP协议是一种请求响应式的交互方式,由客户端主动发起请求,服务端收到请求后再将处理结果发送回客户端,这种方式无法在客户端和服务端之间保持长连接,因此很难做到双向实时数据传输。为了实现全双工通信,HTTP协议又进行了多种扩展,例如增加CONNECT方法,Websocket扩展协议,HTTP/2的服务端推送和HTTP/3的WebTransport等。GOST已经支持了以上大部分的功能。

注意

CONNECT方法用于HTTP建立代理连接,严格来说不能称之为数据通道,然而其本质都是建立了可以双向通讯的长连接,所以在这里统一被当作数据通道。

HTTP CONNECT方法

服务端

gost -L http://user:pass@:8080
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8080"
  handler:
    type: http
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: tcp

以上是一个最简单的带有认证功能的HTTP代理服务。

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F http://user:pass@:8080
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8080
      connector:
        type: http
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: tcp

客户端本身也是一个HTTP代理服务,并通过转发链将请求转发给上面的HTTP代理服务。

Plain HTTP Tunnel(pht)

CONNECT方法并不是所有服务都支持,为了尽可能通用,GOST利用原始HTTP协议中的GET和POST方法来实现数据通道,包括加密的phts和明文的pht两种模式。

服务端

gost -L relay+pht://:8080?authorizePath=/authorize&pushPath=/push&pullPath=/pull
gost -L relay+phts://:8080

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8080"
  handler:
    type: relay
  listener:
    type: pht
    # type: phts
    metadata:
      authorizePath: /authorize
      pullPath: /pull
      pushPath: /push

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F relay+pht://:8080?authorizePath=/authorize&pushPath=/push&pullPath=/pull

gost -L http://:8000 -F relay+phts://:8080
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8080
      connector:
        type: relay
      dialer:
        type: pht
        # type: phts
        metadata:
          authorizePath: /authorize
          pullPath: /pull
          pushPath: /push

Caution

PHT是一个实验性功能,还在不断完善中。

Websocket

Websocket是HTTP/1中为了双向数据传输而增加的扩展协议。

服务端

gost -L socks5+ws://user:pass@:1080
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":1080"
  handler:
    type: socks5
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: ws

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F socks5+ws://user:pass@:1080
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :1080
      connector:
        type: socks5
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: ws

注意

这里的认证信息设置的是SOCKS5代理的认证,Websocket暂不支持认证设置。

HTTP/2

GOST中HTTP/2有两种使用方式,代理模式和标准数据通道模式。

HTTP/2 CONNECT方法

HTTP/2使用与HTTP相同的CONNECT方法实现代理模式。

服务端

gost -L http2://user:pass@:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: http2
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: http2

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F http2://user:pass@:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: http2
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: http2

HTTP/2数据通道

HTTP/2做为数据通道可以使用加密(h2)和明文(h2c)两种模式。

服务端

gost -L socks5+h2://user:pass@:8443
gost -L socks5+h2c://user:pass@:8443

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: socks5
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: h2
    # type: h2c

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F socks5+h2://user:pass@:8443
gost -L http://:8000 -F socks5+h2c://user:pass@:8443

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: socks5
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: h2
        # type: h2c

服务端推送

GOST不支持HTTP/2的服务端推送功能。

gRPC

gRPC是基于HTTP/2,因此具有HTTP/2本身固有的优点,另外gRPC天然的支持双向流传输,因此很适合作为数据通道。

服务端

gost -L relay+grpc://user:pass@:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: relay 
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: grpc

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F relay+grpc://user:pass@:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: relay
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: grpc

gRPC默认使用TLS加密,可以通过设置grpcInsecure参数使用明文进行通讯。

服务端

gost -L relay+grpc://user:pass@:8443?grpcInsecure=true
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: relay 
    auth:
      username: user
      password: pass
  listener:
    type: grpc
    metadata:
      grpcInsecure: true

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F relay+grpc://user:pass@:8443?grpcInsecure=true
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: relay
        auth:
          username: user
          password: pass
      dialer:
        type: grpc
        metadata:
          grpcInsecure: true

HTTP/3

GOST的HTTP/3数据通道有两种模式:PHT和WebTransport。

PHT

由于HTTP3和HTTP协议类似,本身是用作Web数据传输,不能直接作为数据通道使用。GOST中的HTTP3数据通道采用PHT-over-HTTP3,在HTTP3协议之上利用PHT来实现数据通道功能。

服务端

gost -L "h3://:8443?authorizePath=/authorize&pushPath=/push&pullPath=/pull"
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: auto
  listener:
    type: h3
    metadata:
      authorizePath: /authorize
      pullPath: /pull
      pushPath: /push

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F h3://:8443?authorizePath=/authorize&pushPath=/push&pullPath=/pull
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: http
      dialer:
        type: h3
        metadata:
          authorizePath: /authorize
          pullPath: /pull
          pushPath: /push

WebTransport

与HTTP协议中的Websocket类似,HTTP3中也定义了一个用于双向数据传输的扩展协议WebTransport

服务端

gost -L "wt://:8443"
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8443"
  handler:
    type: auto
  listener:
    type: wt

客户端

gost -L http://:8000 -F wt://:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: ":8000"
  handler:
    type: http
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tcp
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: :8443
      connector:
        type: http
      dialer:
        type: wt

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