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TUN/TAP Device

TUN

TUN is based on wireguard-go.

Windows

You need to download a platform-specific wintun.dll file from wintun, and put it side-by-side with gost.

Usage

gost -L="tun://[method:password@][local_ip]:port[/remote_ip:port]?net=192.168.123.2/24&name=tun0&mtu=1350&route=10.100.0.0/16&gw=192.168.123.1"
local_ip:port (string, required)
Local UDP tunnel listen address.
remote_ip:port (string)
Remote UDP server address, IP packets received by the local TUN device will be forwarded to the remote server via UDP tunnel.
net (string, required)
CIDR IP address of the TUN device (net=192.168.123.1/24), Or comma-separated address list (net=192.168.123.1/24,fd::1/64).
name (string)
TUN device name.
mtu (int, default=1350)
MTU for TUN device.
gw (string)
Default routing gateway.
route (string)
Comma-separated routing table, such as: 10.100.0.0/16,172.20.1.0/24,1.2.3.4/32.
routes (list)
Gateway-specific routing, Each entry in the list is a space-separated CIDR address and gateway, such as 10.100.0.0/16 192.168.123.2
peer (string)
Peer IP address,MacOS only
buffersize (int, default=1500)
read buffer size in byte.
keepalive (bool, default=false)
enable keepalive, valid for client.
ttl (duration, default=10s)
keepalive period, valid when keepAlive is true.
passphrase (string)
Client authentication code, up to 16 characters, Only valid for client.
p2p (bool)
Point-to-point tunnel, when enabled, routing will be ignored. Only valid for server.

Example

Server

gost -L=tun://:8421?net=192.168.123.1/24
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      bufferSize: 1500
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      name: tun0
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
      mtu: 1350

Client

gost -L=tun://:0/SERVER_IP:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24
gost -L="tun://:0/SERVER_IP:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24&peer=192.168.123.1"
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      bufferSize: 1500
      keepAlive: true
      ttl: 10s
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.2/24
  forwarder:
      nodes:
    - name: target-0
          addr: SERVER_IP:8421

Server Side Routing

The server can access the client network by setting up routing table and gateway.

Default gateway

The server can set the default gateway through the gw option to specify the gateway of the routes in route parameter.

gost -L="tun://:8421?net=192.168.123.1/24&gw=192.168.123.2&route=172.10.0.0/16,10.138.0.0/16"

Packets send to network 172.10.0.0/16 and 10.138.0.0/16 will be forwarded to the client with the IP 192.168.123.2 through the TUN tunnel.

Gateway-specific routing

If you want to set a specific gateway for each route, you can specify it via routes option:

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
      routes:
      - 72.10.0.0/16 192.168.123.2
      - 10.138.0.0/16 192.168.123.3

Packets send to network 172.10.0.0/16 will be forwarded to the client with the IP 192.168.123.2 through the TUN tunnel.

Packets send to network 10.138.0.0/16 will be forwarded to the client with the IP 192.168.123.3 through the TUN tunnel.

Router

Server can also use a Router to route.

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
      router: router-0
routers:
- name: router-0
  routes:
  - net: 172.10.0.0/16
    gateway: 192.168.123.2
  - net: 192.168.1.0/24
    gateway: 192.168.123.3

Authentication

The server can use Auther to authenticate the client.

Server

services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
    auther: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24

authers:
- name: tun
  auths:
  - username: 192.168.123.2
    password: userpass1
  - username: 192.168.123.3
    password: userpass2

The username of the auther is the IP assigned to the client.

Client

gost -L "tun://:0/SERVER_IP:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24&passphrase=userpass1"
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      bufferSize: 1500
      keepAlive: true
      ttl: 10s
      passphrase: "userpass1"
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.2/24
  forwarder:
    nodes:
    - name: target-0
      addr: SERVER_IP:8421

The client specifies the authentication code via the passphrase option.

Authentication and Heartbeat

When using authentication, it is recommended that the client enable heartbeat, and the authentication information will be sent to the server in the heartbeat packet. When the server restarts, the heartbeat packet will restore the connection.

Passphrase Length Limitation

The passphrase supports up to 16 characters. When the client exceeds this length limit, only the first 16 characters are used.

Multiple IPs

If the client specifies multiple networks through the net parameter, such as net=192.168.123.2/24,fd::2/64, when the server enables authentication, all IPs of the client pass the authentication (using the same passphrase) is considered to pass the authentication.

Secure Transmission

The data of the TUN tunnel is transmitted in clear text, including authentication information. Data transmission can be made more secure by utilizing encrypted tunnels using forwarding chains.

TUN-based VPN (Linux)

Tip

The value specified by net option may need to be adjusted according to your actual situation.

Create a TUN Device and Establish a UDP Tunnel

Server

gost -L=tun://:8421?net=192.168.123.1/24
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24

Client

gost -L=tun://:0/SERVER_IP:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.2/24
  forwarder:
      nodes:
    - name: target-0
          addr: SERVER_IP:8421

When no error occurred, you can use the ip addr command to inspect the created TUN device:

$ ip addr show tun0
2: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1350 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 500
    link/none 
    inet 192.168.123.2/24 scope global tun0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::d521:ad59:87d0:53e4/64 scope link flags 800 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

Now you can ping the server address:

$ ping 192.168.123.1
64 bytes from 192.168.123.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=9.12 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.123.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=10.3 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.123.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=7.18 ms

iperf3 Testing

Server

iperf3 -s

Client

iperf3 -c 192.168.123.1

IP Routing and Firewall Rules

If you want the client to access the server network, you need to set the corresponding routing table and firewall rules according to your needs. For example, all the client external network traffic can be forwarded to the server.

Server

Enable IP forwarding and set up firewall rules

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.123.0/24 ! -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 ! -o tun0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -o tun0 -j ACCEPT

Client

Set up firewall rules

Caution

The following operations will change the client's network environment, unless you know what you are doing, please be careful!

ip route add SERVER_IP/32 dev eth0   # replace the SERVER_IP and eth0
ip route del default   # delete the default route
ip route add default via 192.168.123.2  # add new default route

TAP

TAP is based on songgao/water.

Windows

You need to install the tap driver OpenVPN/tap-windows6 or OpenVPN client for Windows. You can download the installer directly from here.

Limitation

TAP devices are not supported by macOS.

Usage

gost -L="tap://[local_ip]:port[/remote_ip:port]?net=192.168.123.2/24&name=tap0&mtu=1350&route=10.100.0.0/16&gw=192.168.123.1"
local_ip:port (string, required)
Local UDP tunnel listen address.
remote_ip:port (string)
Remote UDP server address, frames received by the local TAP device will be forwarded to the remote server via UDP tunnel.
net (string, required)
CIDR IP address of the TAP device, such as: 192.168.123.1/24.
name (string)
TAP device name.
mtu (int, default=1350)
MTU for TAP device.
gw (string)
Default routing gateway.
route (string)
Comma-separated routing table, such as: 10.100.0.0/16,172.20.1.0/24,1.2.3.4/32.
routes (list)
Gateway-specific routing, Each entry in the list is a space-separated CIDR address and gateway, such as 10.100.0.0/16 192.168.123.2
buffersize (int, default=1500)
read buffer size in byte.

Example

Server

gost -L=tap://:8421?net=192.168.123.1/24
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tap
    metadata:
      bufferSize: 1500
  listener:
    type: tap
    metadata:
      name: tap0 
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
      mtu: 1350

Client

gost -L=tap://:0/SERVER_IP:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tap
    metadata:
      bufferSize: 1500
  listener:
    type: tap
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.2/24
  forwarder:
      nodes:
    - name: target-0
          addr: SERVER_IP:8421

TUN/TAP tunnel over TCP

The TUN/TAP tunnel in GOST is based on the UDP protocol by default.

If you want to use TCP, you can choose the following methods:

Forward Chain

You can use chain to forward UDP data, analogous to UDP port forwarding.

This method is more flexible and general, and is recommended.

Server

gost -L=tun://:8421?net=192.168.123.1/24 -L relay+wss://:8443?bind=true
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
- name: service-1
  addr: :8443
  handler:
    type: relay
    metadata:
      bind: true
  listener:
    type: wss

Client

gost -L=tun://:0/:8421?net=192.168.123.2/24 -F relay+wss://SERVER_IP:8443
services:
- name: service-0
  addr: :8421
  handler:
    type: tun
    chain: chain-0
  listener:
    type: tun
    metadata:
      net: 192.168.123.1/24
  forwarder:
      nodes:
    - name: target-0
          addr: :8421
chains:
- name: chain-0
  hops:
  - name: hop-0
    nodes:
    - name: node-0
      addr: SERVER_IP:8443
      connector:
        type: relay
      dialer:
        type: wss

Third-party tools

udp2raw-tunnel.

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